Ontološka (ne)gotovost in kurdsko vprašanje v Turčiji: Raba sekuritarnega diskurza (1925‒1984)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2021.274Ključne besede:
ontološka (ne)gotovost, kurdsko vprašanje, sekuritarni diskurz, sekuritizacija, TurčijaPovzetek
Kako lahko pojasnimo sekuritarni diskurz, ki ga je turška država uporabljala pri soočanju s kurdskim vprašanjem pred letom 1984, še preden je prišlo do terorističnih napadov Kurdske delavske stranke (PKK), ko torej državna varnost ni bila fizično ogrožena? Na to vprašanje skuša avtor v prispevku odgovoriti z vidika ontološke varnosti oziroma negotovosti. Na podlagi kritične analize državnega diskurza dokazuje, da so politične, družbene in kulturne poteze kurdske identitete po uporu šejka Saida leta 1925 v turško jastvo vnašale negotovost. Plemenske in verske strukture, ki so imele med Kurdi velik vpliv, in izražanje kurdstva kot ločene identitete so kazili avtobiografske narative o turštvu ter posledično turško državo postavljali v ontološko negotovost. Država je skušala težavo rešiti s sekuritarnim diskurzom in sekuritizacijo lastnosti kurdske identitete, za katere je menila, da jo ogrožajo. S sekuritizacijo je upravičevala izredne ukrepe, ki jih je sprejemala zoper Kurde, denimo prisilno preselitev. Na ta način je obnovila svojo ontološko varnost, saj ji je z izrednimi ukrepi uspelo zatreti kurdsko identiteto, ki je ogrožala gotovost in kontinuiteto turškega jaza.
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