Preoblikovanje in razgradnja multietničnih prostorov
Diyarbakir in jugovzhodna Anatolija v 21. stoletju
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2021.285Ključne besede:
Turčija, jugovzhodna Anatolija, etnična identiteta, manjšine, nacionalna identiteta, Stranka za pravičnost in Razvoj (AKP), nacionalizemPovzetek
S poudarkom na razvoju dogodkov v jugovzhodni Anatoliji v 21. stoletju avtor v članku obravnava položaj manjšinskih skupnosti v kontekstu spremenljivih dinamik turškega nacionalnega projekta,. Do začetka 20. stoletja je bila jugovzhodna Anatolija mozaik etnij, potem pa so se v zgodnjem obdobju republike začela prva prizadevanja za poturčevanje s projektom nacionalne identitete, ki je zagovarjal etnično enotnost. V 80. letih prejšnjega stoletja se je zaradi konflikta s Kurdsko delavsko stranko (PKK) začelo odločno enačiti etnično uniformnost z nacionalno enotnostjo in v takem okolju je bila etnična raznolikost sumljiva. Razmere so se začele spreminjati leta 2002, ko je prišla na oblast Stranka za pravičnost in razvoj (AKP), in s predhodnim pojavom kurdskih občinskih politikov. V članku je dokumentirano, kako je pozneje odmik nacionalnega projekta od izključujoče etnične kategorizacije omogočil priznavanje in sprejemanje etnične in verske raznolikosti po vsej jugovzhodni Anatoliji. V članku so ti dogodki analizirani v luči silovite reakcije nacionalističnih politikov, leta 2015 spet razvnetega konflikta s PKK ter poznejše ponovne okrepitve nacionalistične retorike v politični areni. Vtis je, da se zdaj znova uveljavlja ozka, izključujoča nacionalna identiteta. Avtor v članku tako preučuje, v kolikšni meri je izkušnjo jugovzhodne Anatolije mogoče razumeti kot preoblikovanje turškega nacionalnega projekta in sprejemanje v preteklosti zavračanega multietničnega družbenopolitičnega tkiva.
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