Težave in dileme ujgurskih priseljencev v Turčiji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2021.279Ključne besede:
ujgurski begunci, ujgursko priseljevanje, integracija, ujgurska dilema, turška politika, Xinjiang (Vzhodni Turkestan), turško-kitajski odnosiPovzetek
Družbena in ekonomska integracija Ujgurov v turško družbo odraža težavo, za katero odločevalci še niso našli rešitve. Potisnjen na rob večinske družbe zaradi jezikovnih razlik ter drugačnih kulturnih in družbenih življenjskih slogov, je znaten del Ujgurov, zlasti »novih prišlekov« po letu 1980, v nevarnosti, da bo postal »vzporedna družba«. Izključevanje, podcenjevanje in »drugačnost«, omejeni dosežki v izobraževanju, vprašljivo državljanstvo, negotov pravni status in nizek družbenoekonomski položaj to možnost samo še povečujejo. Ujgurom in samostojnosti naklonjena ter proti kitajski vladi usmerjena mobilizacija v Turčiji že dolgo budi pozornost kitajskih oblasti, ta pozornost pa ima povratni vpliv na mobilizacijo v Turčiji in jo nadalje oblikuje. Z vsem tem so povezani tudi turško-kitajski odnosi. Kitajsko strategijo in zunanjo politiko v Turčiji narekujeta taktika in notranja politika s ciljema utrditi oblast nad »Xinjiangom« (Vzhodnim Turkestanom) in obrzdati ujgursko gibanje za samostojnost v Turčiji. Ne le, da Kitajska gospodarska in tehnološka sila ter vlaganja še povečujejo vpliv te države v Turčiji; zaradi njih je Turčija tudi precej manj pripravljena na glas govoriti o zlorabah Pekinga, o sistematičnem zatiranju in grozodejstvih v »ujgurski avtonomni pokrajini Xinjiang« (poznani tudi kot Vzhodni Turkestan). Kitajska geografsko-gospodarska strategija ima v Turčiji politične učinke z globokimi posledicami za njeno ujgursko prebivalstvo.
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