The Effect of Physical Exercise Interventions on Cardiovascular Health, Physical Performance Measures and Quality of Life in People Living with Cardiovascular Disease
A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression of Randomized Controlled Trials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35469/ak.2026.558Keywords:
exercise, quality of life, endothelium, vascular, resistance training, endurance trainingAbstract
Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of physical exercise interventions on endothelial function, Quality of life (QoL), and various markers of cardiovascular health and in patients with cardiovascular disease. A meta-regression analysis was performed to elucidate the moderating effects of intervention and the participants’ endothelial function characteristics.
Methods: Relevant databases were searched from the beginning until February, 2025. Primary outcomes were endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (baFMD) and QoL using appropriate questionnaires.
Results: Physical exercise interventions exhibited a moderate effect on baFMD (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.04, 95% CI 0.38 – 1.70, p = 0.005) and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) (SMD = 0.76, 95% CI 0.3 – 1.22, p = 0.004), whereas a small effect was observed for the 6-minute walking test (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI 0.10 – 0.53, p = 0.019). Finally, a large but non-significant effect was observed on QoL (SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.25 – 2.74, p = 0.088). Meta-regression results revealed baFMD was moderated by the participants’ initial body mass index value (β = -0.233, p = 0.026).
Conclusions: QoL seems to mirror endothelial function and V̇O2peak improvements in cardiovascular patients following physical exercise interventions.
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