New Approaches in the Empirical Study of Dreams

Authors

  • Kelly Bulkeley

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2023.412

Keywords:

dreams, word searching, content analysis, continuity hypothesis

Abstract

Dream research is entering a new era of accelerating insights and discoveries, thanks to the rise of powerful digital analysis tools that are enabling important advances in the empirical study of dreams. This paper illustrates the use of these tools, drawing on the resources of the Sleep and Dream Database, a free online archive of information about sleep and dreaming. These tools include statistical analyses of survey responses, systematic word searches of large collections of dream reports, and a well-grounded set of baseline frequencies to help with comparative measurement. The goal of this paper is to provide readers with an initial orientation to the new world of dream discovery that has opened up because of tools like these. Several basic empirical findings are presented regarding clearly observable patterns of perception, emotion, and social interaction in dreaming. The paper will close with reflections on the emerging interplay of dreaming and technology.

References

Calkins, Mary. “Statistics of Dreams.” The American Journal of Psychology 5 (1893): 311–343.

Cartwright, Rosalind. The 24-Hour Mind: The Role of Sleep and Dreaming in Our Emotional Lives. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Domhoff, George William, and Adam Schneider. “Studying Dream Content Using the Archive and Search Engine on DreamBank.net.” Consciousness and Cognition 17 (2008): 1238–1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.06.010.

Domhoff, G. William. Finding Meaning in Dreams: A Quantitative Approach. New York: Plenum, 1996.

Eggan, Dorothy. “Dream Analysis.” In Studying Personality Cross-Culturally, edited by Bert Kaplan, 551–557. Evanston: Row, Peterson and Co., 1961.

Eggan, Dorothy. “The Manifest Content of Dreams: A Challenge to Social Science.” American Anthropologist 54 (1952): 469–485. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1952.54.4.02a00020.

Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. Translated by James Strachey. New York: Avon Books, 1965.

Hall, Calvin, and Robert Van de Castle. The Content Analysis of Dreams. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966.

Han, Hye Joo, Richard Schweickert, Zhuangzhuang Xi, and Charles Viau‐Quesnel. “The cognitive social network in dreams: Transitivity, assortativity, and giant component proportion are monotonic.” Cognitive Science 40, no. 3 (2016): 671–696. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12244.

Hartmann, Ernest. Dreams and Nightmares: The Origin and Meaning of Dreams. New York: Basic Books, 2000.

Hunt, Harry. The Multiplicity of Dreams: Memory, Imagination, and Consciousness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Jung, Carl. Children’s Dreams: Notes from the Seminar Given in 1936–1940. Translated by Ernst Falzeder and Tony Woolfson. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.

Pagel, James. The Limits of Dream: A Scientific Exploration of the Mind/Brain Interface. New York: Academic Press, 2010.

Schredl, Michael. “Dream Recall: Models and Empirical Data.” In The New Science of Dreaming, Vol. II, edited by Patrick McNamara and Deirdre Barrett, 79–114. Westport: Praeger, 2007.

Schwartz, Sophie, and Pierre Maquet. “Sleep imaging and the neuro-psychological assessment of dreams.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6, no. 1 (Jan. 2002): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01818-0.

Strauch, Inge, and Barbara Meir. In Search of Dreams: Results of Experimental Dream Research. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1996.

Strauch, Inge, and Barbara Meir. The Scientific Study of Dreams: Neural Networks, Cognitive Development, and Content Analysis. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2003.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-20

How to Cite

Bulkeley, Kelly. 2023. “New Approaches in the Empirical Study of Dreams”. Poligrafi 28 (109/110):195-220. https://doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2023.412.