“Dual awakening?”

Mindful social action in the light of the de-contextualization of Socially Engaged Buddhism

Authors

  • Anja Zalta Sociology Department, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2022.353

Keywords:

socially engaged Buddhism, mindfulness, Sarvodaya, concept of “dual awakening", loving-kindness meditation, social action

Abstract

The paper presents the concept of “dual awakening”, which is based on the Buddhist mindfulness appropriated by socially engaged Buddhism as a method to recognize and implement a “wholesome” paradigm on both the social and individual level. In the first half of the paper, I analyze the idea of “dual awakening” in the Southeast Asian context, especially in the case of the Sarvodaya Sramadana movement in Sri Lanka, In the second part of the paper, I review some of the research on (mindfulness) meditation in the West to critically evaluate the de-contextualization of transferring Buddhist ideas and methods (such as cultivating empathy and compassion as a basis for social action) into the Western modernist paradigm.

References

Alexander, Charles N., Maxwell V. Rainforth, and Paul Gelderloos. “Transcendental Meditation, Self-Actualization, and Psychological Health: A Conceptual Overview and Statistical Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Social Behavior & Personality 6, no. 5 (1991): 189–248.

Ariyaratne, A. T. Buddhist Economic in Practice. Salisbury: Sarvodaya Support Group, 1999.

Ariyaratne, A. T. Collected Works, Vol. IV. Sri Lanka: Vishva Lekha Publication, 1999.

Ariyaratne, A. T. Collected Works, Vol. VII. Sri Lanka: Vishva Lekha Publication,1999.

Ariyaratne, A. T. Collected Works, Vol. VIII. Sri Lanka: Vishva Lekha Publication, 2007.

Carson, James W., Kimberly Carson, Karen M. Gil and Donald H Baucom. “Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement.” Behavior Therapy 35, no. 3 (June 2004): 471–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80028-5.

Gilbert, Paul, and Procter, Sue. “Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach.” Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 13, no. 6 (2006): 353–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.507.

Giraldi, Tullio. Psychotherapy, Mindfulness and Buddhist Meditation. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.

Hanegraaff, Wouter. New Age Religion and Western Culture; Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought. New York: State University of New York Press, 1998.

Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhism, Teachings, History and Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Heelas, Paul. The New Age Movement, The Celebration of the Self and the Sacralization of Modernity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1996.

Hofmann, Stefan. G., Paul Grossman and Devon E. Hinton. “Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation: Potential for Psychological Interventions.” Clinical Psychology Review 31, no. 7 (November 2011): 1126–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003.

Hutcherson, Cendri A., Emma M.Seppala and James J Gross. “Loving-kindness meditation increases social connectedness.” Emotion 8, no. 5 (2008): 720–724. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013237.

Hunt-Perry, Patricia, and Lyn Fine. “All Buddhism is Engaged: Thich Nhat Hanh and the Order of Interbeing.” In Engaged Buddhism in the West, edited by Christopher. S. Queen, 35–67. Boston: Wisdom Publication, 2000.

Jones, Ken. The New Social Face of Buddhism. Boston: Wisdom Publication, 2003.

Joiner, Thomas. Mindlessness, The Corruption of Mindfulness in a Culture of Narcissism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Katowsky, Detlef. Sarvodaya, The Other Development. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1980.

King, Sally B. “Socially Engaged Buddhism.” In Buddhism in the Modern World, edited by D. L. McMahan, 195–215. New York: Routledge, 2012.

Kristeller, Jean and Thomas Johnson. “Cultivating Loving-Kindness: A Two-Stage Model for the Effects of Meditation on Compassion, Altruism and Spirituality.” Paper presented at Works of Love: Scientific and Religious Perspectives on Altruism, Villanova University, June 2003. http://www.metanexus.net/archive/conference2003/pdf/WOLPaper_Kristeller_Jean.pdf.

Lesh, Terry. V. “Zen Meditation and the Development of Empathy in Counselors.” In Meditations: Classic and Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Deane H. Shapiro and Roger N. Walsh, chapter 15. Hawthorne: Aldine Publishing, 1984.

McMahan, David. L. Buddhism in the Modern World. London and New York: Routledge, 2012.

Ostergaard, Geoffrey, and Melville Currell. The Gentle Anarchists: A Study of the Leaders of the Sarvodaya Movement for Non-Violent Revolution in India. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.

Queen, Christopher. S. “Introduction: A New Buddhism” In Engaged Buddhism in the West, edited by Christopher. S. Queen, 1–35. Boston: Wisdom Publication, 2012.

Queen, Christopher S., and Sallie B. King, ed. Engaged Buddhism in the West. Boston: Wisdom Publication, 2000.

Queen, S. Christopher, and Sallie B. King, ed. Engaged Buddhism, Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia. New York: State University of New York Press, 1996.

Ratnapala, Nadasena. Buddhist Sociology. Sri Lanka: Vishva Lekha Publication, 2005.

Salzberg, Sharon. Lovingkindness, The Revolutionary Art of Happiness. Boston & London: Shambala Classics, 2002.

Thompson, Eric. The Neuroscience of Meditation: An Introduction to the Scientific Study of How Meditation Impacts the Brain. Teasdale: iAwake Technologies, LLC, 2011. https://www.sergioangileri.it/PDFSA/neuroscience_meditation.pdf.

Zalta, Anja and Tamara Ditrich, ed. “Čuječnost: tradicija in sodobni pristopi.” Poligrafi 20, 77/78 (2015). https://www.zrs-kp.si/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Poligrafi-77-78_CUJECNOST.pdf.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-29

How to Cite

Zalta, Anja. 2022. “‘Dual awakening?’ : Mindful Social Action in the Light of the De-Contextualization of Socially Engaged Buddhism”. Poligrafi 27 (105/106):149-63. https://doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2022.353.