LOWER CORRELATION BETWEEN BICEPS FEMORIS CONTRACTION TIME AND MAXIMAL RUNNING SPEED IN CHILDREN THAN IN ADULTS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN 9- TO 14-YEAR OLD CHILDREN

Authors

  • Jernej Završnik Dr. Adolf Drolc Healthcare Center, Maribor
  • Rado Pišot University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper
  • Tadeja Volmut University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper
  • Katja Koren University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper
  • Helena Blažun Vošner University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for International Cooperation http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-7346
  • Peter Kokol University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-9359
  • Janez Vošner University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
  • Boštjan Šimunič University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper

Abstract

Biceps femoris is a major propulsor muscle in sprinting and its contraction time negatively correlates to the running speeds of adults. Our aim was to compare age and gender- related correlations between vastus lateralis and biceps femoris contraction times and running speeds during a longitudinal study of 9- to 14-year old children. On a yearly basis we conducted vastus lateralis and biceps femoris tensiomyographic measurements of muscle contraction time and maximal running speeds measured during 7 meter sprints with flying starts using photocells in 107 children (53 boys). Vastus lateralis contraction time was not correlated with the running speed. However, biceps femoris contraction time was negatively correlated with the running speed only in boys after the age of 12.9 years (Pearson r ranges from -0.391 to -0.426; p < 0.002). It was concluded that biceps femoris contraction time is far less correlated with running speed than in adult athletes (Pearson r = -0.60); however, the correlation is gender and age- specific. It seems that the knee flexor and hip extensor, biceps femoris, is not as yet the major determinant of running speed in 9- to 14-year old children at that age.

References

Always, S. E., Grumbt, W. H., Gonyea, W. J., & Stray-Gundersen, J. (1989). Contrasts in muscle and myofibers of elite male and female body builders. Journal of Applied Physiology, 67(1), 24–31.

Åstrand, P. E., Rodahl, K., Dahl, H. A., & Stromme, S. B. (2003). Body dimensions and muscular exercise. In P. E. Åstrand, K. Rodahl, H. A. Dahl, & S. B. Stromme, Textbook of Work Physiology: Physiological Bases of Exercise (pp 299–313). Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics.

Bell, R. D., MacDougal, J. D., Billeter, R., & Howald, H. (1980). Muscle fiber types and morphometric analysis of skeletal muscle in six-year-old children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 12(1), 28–31.

Dahmane, R., Djordjević, S., Šimunič, B., & Valenčič, V. (2005). Spatial fiber type distribution in normal human muscle histochemical and tensiomyographical evaluation. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(12), 2451–2459.

Dahmane, R., Valenčič, V., Knez, N., & Eržen, I. (2001). Evaluation of the ability to make non-invasive estimation of muscle contractile properties on the basis of the muscle belly response. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 39(1), 51–55.

Djordjevic, S., Valenčič, V., Knez, N., Dahmane, R., Jurčič-Zlobec, B., Bednarik, J., Šimunič, B., Kerševan, K., & Godina, N. (2000). Contractile properties of skeletal muscles of two groups of sportsmen-sprinters and cyclists measured by tensiomiography. In Book of abstracts, International Congress on Sport Science, Sport Medicine and Physical Education, Brisbane, Australia (p. 220). Brisbane: International Council for Sports Science and Physical Education.

Dolenec, M., & Pistotnik, B. (2001). Primerjava nekaterih motoričnih razsežnosti otrok, starih 7 do 11 let [Comparison of selected motor skills in children aged 7 to 11 years]. In M. Kovač, & B. Škof (Eds.) Proceedings of 14th meeting of sport education teachers (pp. 282–289), Kranjska Gora, Association of physical education teachers.

Drinkwater, B. L. (1984). Women and exercise: physiological aspects. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 12(1), 21–51.

Faigenbaum, A. D., & Myer, G. D. (2012). Exercise deficit disorder in youth: play now or pay later. American College of Sports Medicine, 11(4), 196–200.

Foster, T. A., Voors, A. W., Webber, L. S., Frerichs, R. R., & Berenson, G. S. (1977). Anthropometric and maturation measurements of children, ages 5 to 14 years, in a biracial community-the Bogalusa Heart Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 30(4), 582–591.

Freedman, D. S., & Perry, G. (2000). Body composition and health status among children and adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 31(2), 34–53.

Glenmark, B., Hedberg, G., & Jansson, E. (1992). Changes in muscle fiber type from adolescence to adulthood in women and men. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 146(2), 251–259.

Johnson, M. A., Polgar, J., Weightman, D., & Appleton, D. (1973). Data on the distribution of fibre types in thirty-six human muscles. An autopsy study. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 18(1), 111–129.

Koffka, K. (2002). The growth of mind (pp. 49–59). Milton Park, UK: Routledge.

Kokol, P., Štiglic, B., Žumer, V., Završnik, J., Bigec, M., Saherl, J., Kancler, K., Židanik, A. (1992). The application of structured spreadsheet modeling in medicine. Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal 23(3-4), 285–297.

Oliver, J. L., Lloyd, R. S., & Rumpf, M. C. (2013). Developing speed throughout childhood and adolescence: the role of growth, maturation and training. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 35(3), 42–48.

Omura, M., Zinno, S., Harada, T., & Inoue, N. (1993). Evaluation of validity of five weight-height obesity indices. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. Fukuoka Acta Medica, 84(6), 305–310.

Pears Dawes, N., Vest, A., & Simpkins, S. (2013). Youth participation in organized and informal sports activities across childhood and adolescence: exploring the relationships of motivational beliefs, developmental stage and gender. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 43(8), 1374–1388.

Praprotnik, U., Valenčič, V., Čoh, M., & Šimunič, B. (2002). Povezanost maksimalne hitrosti teka s kontraktilnimi lastnostmi mišic [Correlation between maximal sprinting speed and skeletal muscle contractile parameters]. In B. Zajc (Ed.), Proceedings of 11th International Elecotrotechnical and Computer Conference 2002 (pp. 329–332). Portorose, Slovenia.

Rodríguez Ruiz, D., Quiroga Escudero, M. E., Rodríguez Matoso, D., Sarmiento Montesdeoca, S., Losa Reyna, J., de Saá Guerra, Y., Perdomo Bautista, G., García & Manso, J. M. (2011). The tensiomyography used for evaluating high level beach volleyball players. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 18(2), 95–99.

Schepens, B., Willems, P. A. & Cavagna, G. A. (1998). The mechanics of running in children. Journal of Physiology, 509(3), 927–940.

Shaffer, D. R., & Kipp, K. (2009). Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence. 8th Edition (pp. 208–220). UK: Cengage Learnig.

Staron, R. S., Hagerman, F. C., Hikida, R. S., Murray, T. F., Hostler, D., Crill, M., Ragg, K. E., & Toma, K. (2000). Fiber type composition of the vastus lateralis muscle of young men and women. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 48(5), 623–629.

Šimunič, B. (2012). Between-day reliability of a method for non-invasive estimation of muscle composition. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22(4), 527–530.

Šimunič, B., Degens, H., Rittweger, J., Narici, M., Mekjavić, I. B., & Pišot, R. (2011). Noninvasive estimation of myosin heavy chain composition in human skeletal muscle. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(9), 1619–1625.

Šimunič, B., Pišot, R., & Rittweger, J. (2009). The effect of ageing on contraction time of postural and non-postural skeletal muscles in master athletes. In: M. Mikalački (Ed.). Proceedings book of the 1st International Scientific Conference "Exercise and Quality of Life" (pp. 185–190). Novi Sad: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education.

Šimunič, B., Volmut, T., & Pišot, R. (2010). Pomen optimizacije gibanja otrok: znanstveno podprta moderna izhodišča [The significance of optimization of physical activity in children: scientifically – supported current baseline]. In: J. Dolinšek (Ed.). Proceedings of Child and sport (pp. 43–47). Pediatrics clinic, University Clinical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia.

Tomazo-Ravnik, T. (2004). Biološka rast človeka [Biology of growth]. In: L. Marjanovič Umek, & M. Zupančič (Eds.). Razvojna psihologija [Developmental psychology] (pp. 119–124). Rokus, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Valenčič, V. (1990). Direct measurement of the skeletal muscle tonus. In: D. Popovič (Ed). Advances in external control of human extremities (pp. 102–108). Beograd: Nauka.

Valenčič, V., & Knez, N. (1997). Measuring of skeletal muscles’ dynamic properties. Artificial Organs, 21(3), 240–242.

Volmut, T., Pišot, R., & Šimunič, B. (2013). Objectively measured physical activity in children aged from 5 to 8 years. Journal of Public Health, 52(1), 9–18.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

09-08-2016

How to Cite

Završnik, J., Pišot, R., Volmut, T., Koren, K., Blažun Vošner, H., Kokol, P., … Šimunič, B. (2016). LOWER CORRELATION BETWEEN BICEPS FEMORIS CONTRACTION TIME AND MAXIMAL RUNNING SPEED IN CHILDREN THAN IN ADULTS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN 9- TO 14-YEAR OLD CHILDREN. Annales Kinesiologiae, 7(1), 21–42. Retrieved from https://ojs.zrs-kp.si/index.php/AK/article/view/112

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016)

Section

Articles

License

Open Access Policy and Copyright

This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors grant the publisher commercial rights to produce hardcopy volumes of the journal for sale to libraries and individuals.
  3. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.